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Ralph Ellis

Egyptian Testament · Vol. 1 · 1998

Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs
Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs

“A must read to understand the world.”Henry Curteis, a reader on Goodreads.

Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs

By Ralph Ellis

The Israelite pharaohs of Egypt

Revised 2015

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Tempest & Exodus takes this Hyksos reading and sets it against the Tempest Stele of Ahmose.

Available editions

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陕西师范大学出版社, 2003. Issued by 紫图图书 (ZITO).

Related lectures

Who were the Hyksos, the shepherd kings of Lower Egypt, and why does their expulsion look so much like the biblical Exodus? Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs is the opening volume of the Egyptian Testament. Ralph Ellis reads those kings as the biblical patriarchs, rather than as pastoral shepherds, and he reads their departure from Avaris as the Exodus, which he places around 1570 BC. From that identification the book turns toward the New Testament and argues that Saul of Tarsus is the historian Josephus Flavius. The case is his, not a settled academic finding. Readers who want the Exodus, the Hyksos, and Egyptian royal history set side by side start here.

What you'll explore

  • Abraham and Jacob as Hyksos pharaohs, not pastoral shepherds
  • The Israelite Exodus as the historical Hyksos expulsion, c. 1570 BC
  • Saul identified with Josephus Flavius

ISBN 9781508506041

On Ancient Origins

Explore the research behind this book

Read a Published Excerpt

Ancient Origins published a passage taken from this book on 24 September 2015. That page is theirs.

Gilgamesh and the precession of the equinox
A reconstruction of the mudbrick palace at Avaris, beside a canal in the eastern Delta
Palace at Avaris, Tell el-Dab‘a, eastern Nile Delta.16th century BC. AI reconstruction, not a photograph.

Lecture theatre

Lectures from this book

Christianity is the Church of Saul, not JesusLecture 3

Christianity is the Church of Saul,not Jesus

1:02:05. 6 April 2019. 25K views. YouTube.

The religion that survived is Paul’s. Ellis reads that as a political substitution, not a misunderstanding.

Watch

With King Jesus

Josephus, the ambassador of EdessaLecture 8

Josephus,the ambassador of Edessa

30:23. 8 July 2019. 14K views. YouTube.

Josephus not merely as a historian of the war, but as a court figure whom the books also name Saul.

Watch

With King Jesus

Israelites were Egyptians, part 1Lecture 15a

Israelites were Egyptians, part 1

51:36. 11 July 2020. 36K views. YouTube.

Ellis’ case that the biblical Exodus and the Hyksos expulsion are one event, three centuries apart on the usual timeline, and that the Israelites were those pharaohs. He notes that theologians and historians resist the identification.

Watch

With Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs

Israelites were Egyptians, part 2Lecture 15b

Israelites were Egyptians, part 2

55:36. 23 August 2020. 23K views. YouTube.

The same identification continued: one Exodus, not two, and an Israelite people Ellis places in the Egyptian royal house.

Watch

With Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs

In this series

Egyptian Testament